097号 page 109/212

このページは 097号 の電子ブックに掲載されている109ページの概要です。
秒後に電子ブックの対象ページへ移動します。
「電子ブックを開く」をクリックすると今すぐ対象ページへ移動します。

概要：
Historical Occurrence of El Nino and its Impact on Food Crop Production at a Regional Level in Asia and the Pacific 99the area harvested and yield, followed by soybean which was significantly sensitiv....

Historical Occurrence of El Nino and its Impact on Food Crop Production at a Regional Level in Asia and the Pacific 99the area harvested and yield, followed by soybean which was significantly sensitiveto ENSO in terms of area but not yield. Rice was weakly affected by ENSO. Cassava,sweet potato and groundnut were not significantly affected by ENSO, though theirproduction variability was larger than that of rice. Enhancement of the productionstability of maize and soybean and crop diversification by incorporating root crops mayimprove the stability of food crop production in the region.Production of legumes and root cops in the region is stagnant or declining despiteincreasing demand. The roles of these secondary crops are summarized as follows.Legumes are important supplements to a cereal-based diet, a low cost alternative toprotein, a supplemental source of green vegetables, animal feed, fuel material (beanstalkand pod), a source of soil nutrients through nitrogen fixation, and a disease control incrop rotation (McWilliams, J.R. and Dillon, J.L., 1987). Root crops are also knownas security food, an important income source for resource poor farmers in marginalareas, cheap food for the urban poor, animal feed, and fuel material (cassava stem)(Scott et al., 2000). Processing and marketing these crops provides job opportunitiesfor the landless and rural women. The gap of root crop yield between the developedand developing countries remains large, suggesting a high potential for productionincreases in the latter without area expansion. Prospects for yield increases of rootcrops appears much greater than those of major cereals, many of which are alreadytrapped on a yield plateau (TAC, 1997). Thus, promotion of legumes and root cropscontributes to reducing climatic risk of rainfed agriculture, improving food security,and poverty alleviation in a cost effective manner.AcknowledgmentThis paper was originally published as “Occurrence of El Nino and its impact on food cropproduction at the regional Level” in Yokoyama, S. and Concepcion, R. N. eds. (2004) IntegratedReport of the Project “Stabilization of Upland Agriculture and Rural Development in El NinoVulnerable Countries”, CAPSA Working Paper, No. 77, UNESCAP CAPSA, Bogor, Indonesia.ReferenceBallard, C., 2000. Condemned to repeat history? ENSO-related drought and famine in IrianJaya, Indonesia, 1997-98. In R.H. Grove and J. Chappell (eds.) El Nino: History and crisis,Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press.Bourke, R.M., 2000. Impact of the 1997 drought and frosts in Papua New Guinea. In Grove, R.H.and Chappell, J. (eds.) El Nino: History and crisis, Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press.