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16 Kochi University Review No. 102stakeholders of palm oil commodity chains such as palm oil-related companies andassociations, financial companies, social and environmental NGOs, and to discuss wayso....

16 Kochi University Review No. 102stakeholders of palm oil commodity chains such as palm oil-related companies andassociations, financial companies, social and environmental NGOs, and to discuss waysof ensuring sustainable palm oil production and utilization. Since its establishment,RSPO members have grown to 505 (ordinary members) and 95 (affiliate members)around the world, and, through consultation between RSPO members, principles andcriteria for sustainable palm oil production were determined in 2005, and a programof certified sustainable palm oil was introduced in 200828. While this approach has justbegun and there are some criticisms and limitations such as corporate greenwash29, wemust observe what is possible to realize sustainable development.That palm oil has become a global commodity means palm oil consumers throughoutthe world are connected by local contradictions in Malaysia and related production sites.By introducing an RSPO approach and building an international monitoring network ofsocial and environmental NGOs, it is time to regulate agribusiness-led development andpursue new forms of development which are more sustainable and prevent victimizationthrough overdevelopment.AcknowledgementThis paper is based on the presentation at the JSPS Asian Core-Program Seminar“Local Politics and Social Cleavages in Transforming Asia (organized by JSPS AsianCore-Program, CSEAS and CAPAS)” held in Kyoto, December 17-18, 2010. Thisderives partly from research results of the “Globalization and Plantations in SoutheastAsia: Oil Palm Transforming Economy, Nature and Community” project funded by theSuntory Foundation. The author would like to thank Okamoto Masaaki, the Seminarcoordinator, and Hayashida Hideki, the principal investigator of the research project.And thanks also to Darren Lingley for his invaluable help and suggestions on my firstdraft.Notes1 For some recent analyses of Free Trade regimes and agro-food crisis, see Bello (2009); Murphy(2010).2 For example, see Malaysian Palm Oil Board (2007); Yusof (2008).3 See Wakker (2004); Millieudefensie, Sahabat Alam Malaysia, Friends of the Earth England,Wales and Northern Ireland, Friends of the Earth Europe & Friends of the Earth International(2008).4 Tauli-Corpuz & Tamang (2007); United Nations Development Programme (2007), p.144;United Nations Environment Programme (2009), pp.63-71.