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4 Kochi University Review No. 102by having a high melting point similar with tallow, and is used for general purposes bycontrolling the melting point6. Therefore, as the amount of production and R&D m....

4 Kochi University Review No. 102by having a high melting point similar with tallow, and is used for general purposes bycontrolling the melting point6. Therefore, as the amount of production and R&D madeprogress, palm oil has penetrated global spheres in various forms.Another point is large-scale oil palm plantation development in Southeast Asia, whichmade palm oil supply to the world expand rapidly. In particular, Malaysia was the mostsuccessful country in introducing large-scale oil palm development policy at an earlystage. From the 1960s, facing a price slump crisis of natural rubber, which was oncea national prime export product, Malaysia regarded oil palm as an alternative crop ofwhich planting conditions were similar with rubber. Clearing of tropical forests for thepurpose of developing plantations in parallel with plantation conversion from rubber tooil palm were pushed forward. As a result, the cultivation area of oil palm for the years1961-2009 enlarged from less than 100,000 ha to 4.69 million ha (see Figure 1). And, inconjunction with its expansion, palm oil production rocketed from 150,000 ton to 17.56million ton during this period (Figure 2). This oil palm area accounts for about 60% ofthe total farmland, by which it can be imagined how oil palm has taken high priority overnational development.0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,0005,000,0001975 1985 1995 20 05 2009haPeninsular Malaysia Sabah SarawakFigure 1 Oil Palm Planted Area in MalaysiaSource: MPOB, Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics 2009.