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Limits to Agribusiness-led Development: A Structural Analysis of the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry 5This rush to develop oil palm plantations has brought about various effects on bothdomestic and intern....

Limits to Agribusiness-led Development: A Structural Analysis of the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry 5This rush to develop oil palm plantations has brought about various effects on bothdomestic and international spheres. First, Malaysia has established the leading producer/exporter status in the world. Table 3 shows the changing composition of top 5 producersand exporters of palm oil. Malaysia was a mere fourth (export) /fifth (production) onthe list in 1961, but from the 1970s through the 1990s it surpassed African countries,the oil palm’s place of origin, and rose to the top to include more than half of the worldtotal. Along with such expansion of its volume, Malaysian export direction has alsobeen extended. Table 4 indicates the major destinations of Malaysian palm oil exports.On the one hand, Malaysia has massively exported palm oil to populous countries suchas China, Pakistan and India for manufacturing margarine and cooking oil. On the otherhand, it has exported to industrialized countries for industrial uses as well as edible oil.As a result, Malaysia, together with Indonesia, is a hub in the global palm oil distributionnetwork or “global palm connection”.Second, palm oil contributes to the national economic development, and is literallyreferred to as the “golden crop.” For example, along with the expansion of productionvolume, agroindustry related to palm oil has also developed. Factory workers in the palmFigure 2 Crude Palm Oil Production in MalaysiaSource: MPOB, Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics 2009.02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,00010,000,00012,000,00014,000,00016,000,00018,000,00020,000,0001975 1985 1995 2005 2009ｔPeninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak